NATIONAL PARK : NORTH SUMATRA
Batang Gadis National Park Initiative
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| Lubuk Larangan |
TNBG initiatives in line with the aspirations of local communities. It has long been the Mandailing Natal running local wisdom that still stands to this day. Traditionally the community has to protect natural forests and water sources and use natural resources wisely, for example through the ordinances, restrictions depths, spatial banua / huta, sacred places 'naborgo-Borgo' or 'harangan rarangan' (ban forests) that should not be disturbed and destroyed. In view of Mandailing community life, water is the 'fountain of life' that lace-rigging with the social, cultural, economic and ecological, and should be protected existence.
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| Alpine Flower |
TNBG formation can be interpreted also as a recognition of the country and strengthening of local communities Mandating That Christmas traditions have kept the natural forest and its water sources over the years. Establishment of local conservation initiatives driven by the desire of the parties to save the remaining natural forests and Relatively intact in the province of North Sumatra and managed better, in order to bring long term benefits for local communities and local Governments and the public in general. Establishment of new conservation areas in North Sumatra is increasingly Important given the degradation rate of destruction of natural forests in the province in a situation of concern, due to problems of unsustainable use of forests and forest mismanagement in the past.
It is estimated That the rate of forest destruction has reached type alapi 3.8 million hectares per year (Baplan, Department of Forestry, 2003). Meanwhile in North Sumatra Province alone reached 76 000 hectares per year in the period 1985-1998.
Location and Area
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| Sopo Tinjak hill |
Batang Gadis National Park (TNBG) is administratively located in the District of Mandailing Natal (Madina) of North Sumatra Province, which covers 13 districts and 68 villages in contact with. TNBG geographically located between 99 ° 12 '45 "up to 99 ° 47' 10" E and 0 ° 27 '15 "up to 1 ° Or 57" LU. The name comes from the name of the park the main river that flows and splitting Madina district, namely Batang Gadis. TNBG covers an area of 108 000 hectares or 26% of the total forest area in the Madina district and situated at an altitude range of 300 to 2145 meters above sea level to its highest point at the
peak of Merapi volcano Sorik. TNBG area of 108 000 hectares area is formed of Forest Protection, Forest Production Limited and Permanent Production Forest. Protected forests are converted to enable the national park area of 101 500 hectares, the Protected Areas Register 4 Batang Gadis I, Register 5 Batang Gadis II Comp I and II, Register 27 Batang Natal I, 28 Batang Natal II Register, Hulu Batahan Register 29 and Register 30 Parlampungan rod 1. Protected areas will be determined by the Government of the Netherlands East Indies in the period of 3 years between the years 1921-1924.
Production Forest area converted to enable the national park includes the former concession area of PT. Gunung Raya Timber Home (Gruti) of ± 5500 hectares and PT. Aek Timber girl of ± 1000 hectares. Conversion of production forest to conservation areas is in effect provides an opportunity for the forest to breathe, to do the pause (moratorium) of natural forest logging in production forests.
Function Batang Gadis National Park Region
TNBG is part of the Watershed (Watershed) Batang Gadis. DAS has a vast 386 455 hectares or 58.8% of the Madina district and is very important as a regular water supply to support the survival and the main economic activities, namely agriculture. More than 360,000 people in the Madina district livelihood from agriculture, especially in the 68 villages in 13 districts in neighboring TNBG. Dependence on agriculture sector looks at the size of the agricultural sector's contribution to the GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product) counties, 35% of them come from this sector. The existence of TNBG will maintain the quality and continuity of supply of water for irrigation, drinking water and 34 500 hectares of rice fields and 43,000 acres of coffee plantations, rubber and cinnamon.
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| Cofee Fruits |
Madina district traversed the Great Sumatran Fault Region (Great Sumatran fault zone), in particular Sub-girl-Fault Trunk Trunk Trunk Angkola-Torn. With such geological conditions, the opening event of the natural forest cover in the region TNBG, disaster risk and impact of the disaster will be higher. TNBG become increasingly important to sustain economic development and economic growth in the District of Madina. Expenditure on 'wasteful' government must be spent to restore the natural consequence of the destruction of natural forests can be avoided. It will not happen diversion of investment funds from the productive sectors of society (productive enterprise capitalization, the cost of education, health care costs, improved nutrition, housing, etc.) to the disaster recovery business (non-productive). Society does not have to bear the brunt of this prolific diversion of funds and regional economic growth is not inhibited. With the condition of forests and well preserved ecological functions (climate control, soil fertility guard, controlling the water system), the function of biological diversity and its economic function, then the maximum TNBG can be utilized as natural capital without pay (unchanged natural capital) for a series of economic activity Long-term local, such as agriculture, plantation, nature tourism, fisheries or livestock.
The formation history of the Batang Gadis National Park
Proposed formation TNBG formally submitted to the Minister of Forestry, through its letter No. Regent Madina. 522/982/Dishut/2003 dated 8 April 2003 and to the Governor of North Sumatra Province No. 522/1837/Dishut/2003 dated 16 September 2003 and No. 522/2036/Dishut/2003 dated October 29, 2003. This proposal is getting positive support from the central government and provincial governments. In July 2003, the central government has commissioned the Integrated Assessment Team consisting of Departernen Forestry, Indonesia Institute of Sciences, and Conservation International Indonesia to assess the feasibility of the proposed Medina County Government. In October 2003 the Government of North Sumatra is also assigned an integrated team to review the same thing.
In addition, the Governor of North Sumatra province has officially declared its commitment to establish TNBG in Nusa Dua, Bali on December 8, 2003. Support the establishment TNBG intensified after the House of Representatives District Madina approval through letter No.. 170/1145/2003 dated 20 November 2003 and the various elements of the Declaration states the establishment of Batang Gadis National Park on December 31, 2003. On the way to the formation of TNBG, came the question of overlap between the gold mining exploration PT. Sorikmas Mining with the proposed areas as national parks.
Mining exploration area covering 55,000 hectares located in forest areas or in areas hedges TNBG proposal, even though the Law No. 41/1999 on Forestry states prohibit open mining in Forest Cover. After a dialogue with various stakeholders and in-depth study, the overlapping conflicts can be resolved. Support rejection of mining in protected forest areas and more giving and TNBG formation came from the local community, local government, members of the DPR-RI, organizations within the national and district level as well as Vice President of Rl. On 11 March 2004, community leaders in the District Medina declare open rejection of mining in protected forest areas and remain consistent for the formation TNBG. Regent of Medina, in his letter No. 522/40 off 12 March 2004 l/Dishut/2004 addressed to the Minister of Forestry reaffirmed TNBG and reject the formation of open mining PT. Mining in protected forests Sorikmas.
With the generous support of the various elements of society, the Governor of North Sumatra province through its letter No.. 050/1116 dated March 2, 2004 to provide support for the establishment of formal TNBG. Followed by the issuance of a decree of the Minister of Forestry on 29 April 2004 on the amendment No.l26/Menhut-11/2004 Functions and Appointment of Protected Areas, Forests and Forest Production Limited Production Equipment in Mandailing Natal regency, North Sumatra Covering an area of 108 000 ± Acres as Preservation Areas natural parks function as the Batang Gadis national Park. Establishment of peak TNBG support given by the President of the Republic of Indonesia to formalize the establishment of TNBG through the signing of an inscription in Panyabungan in May 2004.
ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
The results of a brief survey of biological diversity is carried by Cl Indonesia during the period of approximately one month, has shown that the biological wealth in Batang Gadis National Park is quite high. The diversity of flora and fauna that diternui by the survey team, enough to make the excuse that the stem region of this girl needs to be protected, in order to suppress the rate of extinction of flora and fauna in Batang Gadis National Park.
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| Batang Gadis Forest |
The number of birds in the area that can TNBG diternukan to date is 242 species. Of these 242 species, 45 bird species are protected in Indonesia, 8 species globally threatened with extinction, 11 species approaching threatened species, such as the types of Sunda groundcuckoo, Salvadori pheasant, Sumatran cochoa. Crested fireback and March finfoot. Two species of birds that had been categorized as 'lack of data' (data deficient) by the IUCN due to the small notes, as well diternukan. Of the total 13 bird species are categorized as a type of Bird Distribution Limited which contributes to the formation of Regional and Local Important Bird Endernik for Birds (DPB). TNBG region is also one transit location migrant birds coming from northern hemisphere burni. If not immediately protected forest TNBG it will speed up their extinction.
Bird Lophura inornata (Salvadori pheasant) and Pitta schneiderii (Schneider's pitta) are rare and endernik to Sumatra. Type can be found again after nearly a century is not listed in the List of Birds Type of Sumatra. Bird species Carpococcyx radiceus ("Sunda ground-cuckoo) recovered a second time after almost more than a century diternukan not in the list of birds of Sumatra. This type was previously known only from specimens in the museum in 1912. First time this kind in the province of Bengkulu diternukan in 2000.
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| Jepang Cave |
Many other types of hornbill can be an indication that the condition of natural forests in TNBG still good and still there is a relationship mutualistic (mutually beneficial.) Are relatively intact between species of plants with seed dispersers of tropical plant species. In tropical forests, an intermediary agent in the spread of plant seeds urnumnya by fruit-eating animals and is important in maintaining biodiversity and regeneration / rehabilitation of natural forests in tropical forests.
Another important finding is the conservation of plant tissues endofitik microbes that live in tropical forests Mandailing Natal. Conservation of tropical forest endofitik microbes in Indonesia has never been done by any agency. In this case, the survey team managed to collect about 1500 species of microbes that consists of bacteria and molds. When these microbes are kept in culture collections of microbial biotechnology LIPI Research Center. The microbe is extremely useful as a source of pharmaceuticals, bio-fungicides, bio-insecticides and bio fertilizers that support the agricultural sector as well as producing various kinds of hormones and enzirn very beneficial to the industry.
FAUNA DIVERSITY
MAMMALS
Name type : Sumatran Tiger / Sumatran tiger
Latin name : Panthera tigris sumatrae
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| Sumatra Tiger |
The Sumatran tiger is the only one of three types of tigers that once belonged to Indonesia, which still survive. Two other species, the Bali tiger and the Javan Tiger, who has just become extinct. Although including protected species and included in Appendix I of CITES, Sumatran Tigers are now in critical condition aka almost extinct. The two main causes of poaching is rampant, where life is damaged and fragmented.
Name type : Tapir / Malayan tapir
Latin name : Tapirus indicus
Description :
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| Tapir |
Name type: Goat forest / Serow
Latin name: Naemorhedus sumatrae
Description:
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| Goat Forest |
Forest goat basically different from the goats raised, because the forest is a blend of goat goat antelope and has a close relationship with the buffalo. Forest goat is very agile animals and are often seen climbing rapidly on steep slopes which usually can only be achieved by humans with the help of ropes.
Name type: Hedgehog / Porcupine
Latin Name: Hystrix brachyura
Description:
With the spikes on the back of his body, the hedgehog is a unique kind of mammal. If disturbed, the hedgehog will enforce the thorns until he looked twice as big. Hedgehogs are usually found on the ground in the lowland forests to pegunungan.Untuk shelter, porcupines live in holes dug. Although not very hard to find in the area of the proposed TN Batang Gadis, globally protected species are hedgehogs are rare and endangered species.
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| Hedgehog |
Name types: Cats gold / Asiatic Golden Cat
Latin name: Catopuma temminckii.
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| Golden Cat |
This rare cat's body size is large enough to be able to achieve total body length of 1.3 meters and weighs 15 kg. Golden cat is a species of protected animals and included in Appendix I of CITES. Rarely documented, but the biodiversity survey team Batang Gadis National Park managed to 'set him up in a camera trap.
Name types: Cats congkok / Leopard cat
Latin name: Celis bensalensis
Description:
All kinds of wild cats are generally similar in shape and the village cats both have 28-30 teeth. Characteristic that sets it apart is the size, tail length and color pattern. Body usually colored yellow with black spots all over the upper body including the tail. Usually live in nocturnal (active at night) and terrestrial, sometimes active also in small trees. The food includes small mammals and large insects.
Name type: Antelope / Common barking deer
Latin name: Muntiacus muntjak
Latin name: Muntiacus muntjak
Description:
Deer Muntiacus sp. walked with his head lowered, back arched and hind legs rather high. High lift his feet off the ground each time step. Tengguli the upper body, somewhat darker sepanajng back line; the lower whitish and often wrapped in gray. The tail is dark brown above and below putib. Particularly active during the day. Includes eating young leaves, grasses and fruits and grains fell.
Name type: lotus flowers / Rafflesia
Latin name: Rafflesia sp.
Description:
This flower is the lotus flower relatives (Rafflesia arnoldi R. Brown) who is the mascot of Indonesia and the flora of the largest flower in the diternukan dunia.Bunga on the slopes of Mount Merapi as shown Sorik is alleged is a new type that has never been described. Lotus flower is very unique because he does not have roots, stems and leaves. Lotus flower grows as a parasite in certain liana species (usually in Tetrastigma sp.) And is the type of flora that is globally endangered. Until now, interest is still in carefully at the plant experts at the Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, West Java.
Name type: Kantongsemar / Pltcher plant
Latin name: Nephentes sp.
Description:
These include carnivorous plants, absorb the essential elements of food from insects and arthropods that crashed and sank into a bag. The bag is actually a modified leaf and filled with fluid that is used to digest food. This semar bag (Nephentes sp.) Is a plant of the tribe Nephentaceae. These plants are protected under Law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. This Act followed by PP No. 7 of 1999 on the types of plants and animals are protected.
AMPHIBIOUS
Name the type: no-legged amphibious / Limbless amphibians
Latin name: Ichtyopis slutinosa
Description:
These animals include the type of amphibians (frogs), Narnun has no legs and lives on the muddy ground around the water or river that is not too heavy and muddy, often confused with worms. Except for having the mouth and eyes are clear, there is usually a yellow line on both sides of his body. These include ancient and rare wildlife.
Name type: rhinoceros hornbills / Rhinoceros Hornbill
Latin name: Buceros rhinoceros
Description:
Hornbill is a resident bird crests the forest canopy. With a nugget or a ton) olan in the head that resembles a rhinoceros horn, so his name is called. Fruit fly from one tree to tree, like a hornbill 'forest farmer' who spread the seeds are very important for forest regeneration and ensure the sustainability of forest ecosystems. Rhinoceros hornbill who is a resident bird and protected in Indonesia, is quite common diternukan in Batang Gadis National Park area.
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